A circular economy mimics nature by keeping products and materials in circulation and regenerating their resources. According to the World Health Organization, it offers an avenue to sustainable growth, good health and decent jobs while saving the environment and its natural resources. Although this is not a new concept, an increasing number of businesses across various industries are acknowledging our climate crisis and renewing their dedication to sustainability.

Consumers, too, are recognizing their role in a circular economy and becoming more mindful of how they use their resources. By making conscious choices about their purchases, managing waste and cutting back on consumption, they can positively impact the planet, their wallets and communities at both a local and global scale.

 

Understanding Circularity

Claire Potter is the founder of One Circular World, and author of Welcome to the Circular Economy: The Next Step in Sustainable Living. She notes that a circular economy is best described as a series of systems that work like nature does. “No waste is produced in nature, and everything flows,” she says. “Anything not required by one species is used by another or breaks down to provide nutrients for the earth. Nature works in balance with itself, and humans are the only species on Earth that doesn’t do that.”

A circular economy can provide this balance across multiple sectors. “By using a waste stream of material for another purpose, ensuring that the earth is nourished with organic waste, using materials for as long as possible before they are broken down to be used for another purpose, and ensuring that renewable energies are used to make and transport our products, the circular economy feeds into all elements of our lives,” explains Potter.

Consumers can start by cutting down on online shopping, which reduces packaging and prevents unwanted items ending up in landfills. “It is very tempting to click on something and have it arrive the next day, but online shopping is notorious for having excessive amounts of packaging,” says Potter. “See if orders can be combined and packed together, or buy the same item from a physical store where you can try things on before purchasing them. Large volumes of clothing purchased online is returned, and, unfortunately, it is cheaper for the brand to ditch the item than to put it back into their supply chain.”

 

Rethinking Conservation Mantras

Although recycling is often touted as a cornerstone of environmental stewardship, Potter asserts, “Recycling won’t save us. We have had the ‘reduce, reuse, recycle’ mantra since around the first Earth Day in 1970, and yet our consumption-based industries have somehow encouraged us to focus on the ‘recycling’ element alone. In circularity terms, the first two are far higher up the hierarchy of desirable actions. Of course, recycling plays a part, but it is a deeply inefficient system.”

As an example, Potter points to the UK where “only around 9 percent of the plastic sent for recycling ever returns as a new item, and the rest ends up being landfilled or incinerated. In some cases, recycled material is exported to developing countries, which increases the risk of it being dumped into various ecosystems.”

Potter suggests a revamping of the old mantra to include refuse, repair, redirect, regenerate and refill. “Recycling is often a very energy- and transport-heavy system, so in circularity terms it is far better to reduce and reuse before you get to recycling, which should be the last resort,” she explains. “Buy the best possible option for longevity, repairability and upgradability; even if it is more expensive, that initial investment can pay out multiple times.”

 

Responsibly Managing Waste

While it can seem overwhelming to responsibly manage waste, businesses like TerraCycle are stepping in to help by providing Zero Waste Boxes and other waste-management solutions to recycle almost everything—from everyday kitchen waste and cleaning supplies to cosmetics packaging and more. These free and paid solutions are available to individuals, offices, schools and facilities.

Established in 2001, TerraCycle developed its own platform of circularity called Loop. By partnering with retailers (Charlie Banana), brands (Coca-Cola, Evian and Nutella) and supply partners (FedEx), they enable the sale and collection of reusable and returnable versions of conventional, single-use products, making the process convenient and accessible. People can order boxes from the company to fill with obsolete toys, small appliances, water filters, fabric, candy wrappers and other challenging items, and TerraCycle will take care of the rest.

“What makes something locally recyclable depends on whether your local recycling company can make a profit recycling it,” says TerraCycle CEO Tom Szaky. “If the cost of collecting and processing the waste is lower than the value of the resulting raw material, it will likely be locally recyclable. If the costs are higher, then it likely won’t be. Our specialty is recycling hard-to-recycle items that would typically go to landfills or incinerators—everything from cigarette butts, to beauty empties, to spent toothpaste tubes.”

 

Going Zero Waste

Circularity has to start with production, says Mary Beth Schaye, a zero-waste consultant and vice president of the Collective Resource Compost Cooperative, in Evanston, Illinois. “When you first design something, you have to think about what’s going to happen to it in the end. It’s a very cradle-to-grave idea,” she points out.

Circularity goes against the current trend of planned obsolescence, a business strategy that encourages consumers to continually buy new products to replace those that become outdated or break down quickly. In contrast, there is a growing interest in a policy known as “extended producer responsibility”, which makes manufacturers take responsibility for their products’ entire life cycle, including the post-consumer stage.

Schaye can’t think of a better way to prevent waste than by simply reducing new purchases. “It can sometimes feel like a burden for consumers to make sure everything goes in the right place,” she says. “It’s better to not have that thing to get rid of in the first place.”

Citing transportation as a barrier, Schaye notes that circularity works best when the circle is smaller. She urges people to look for repurposing solutions within their own communities, suggesting, “If there’s something that you are throwing out habitually, like extra food, boxes or containers, see if there’s someone else who can benefit from it. We encourage people to identify their own reuse pipelines.”

 

Reducing Food Waste

Feeding America estimates that people waste 92 billion pounds of food annually in the United States, filling up landfills and taxing the environment. “When food scraps go to landfill, they create methane, which is a greenhouse gas,” Schaye attests. “Minimizing methane is more impactful than carbon dioxide on reducing the global temperature.”

Composting is an example of circularity that people can understand. “We grow food; we eat the food; and we have food waste that gets composted so that it can enrich the soil to grow more food,” Schaye explains. “It’s easy and immediate. Most people have an option for composting, but they might not know about it.”

A way to reduce food waste is to plan meals ahead of time and avoid over-shopping at the grocery store. “If you know you’re going on vacation or will be eating out several times in the next week, then don’t buy anything that will expire while you’re gone,” Schaye counsels. “If you do have extras, see if there’s a neighbor or community fridge that can take it. When eating out, try not to order more than you need, but if you think you will have leftovers, then bring your own containers to transport them home.”

Produce doesn’t have to look perfect in order to be consumed. A bruised peach might make a delicious pie, and overripe bananas are the key ingredient to homemade banana bread. If something is getting close to its expiration date, there may be a way to save it. “If you stock up on apples at the farmers market, make sure you properly store the extras to enjoy later. We’ve lost the old-school wisdom of how to preserve food. Freezing food and using the right containers can give it new life,” says Schaye.

 

Voting With Our Wallets

Consumers can also become more mindful of supporting institutions that practice circularity. Potter encourages people to look at their bank accounts, investments and pensions. “Often we do not know where our money goes after we deposit it with our bank. We could be trying our best to live as circularly as possible but have no idea that our hard-earned cash is being used to fund fossil fuel companies, for example. Do a bit of digging into where your money goes, and if you don’t like the answer, switch your money to an ethical bank investment group,” she suggests.

Other changes, such as switching to an energy provider that uses a 100 percent green tariff from renewable energy sources will have both long- and short-term effects. “Your energy supplier will likely already have a renewable option, so switching might not be too hard and will help to invest in future-proofed systems,” says Potter. “If each of us does what we can, our strengths will overlap, eventually creating a beautiful circle of circularity.”

 

Carrie Jackson is a Chicago-based freelance writer and frequent contributor to Natural Awakenings. Connect at CarrieJacksonWrites.com.

 

The Pitfalls of Fast Fashion

With a focus on ultra-low prices for the latest trends, fast fashion is a staple for many consumers. But those cheaper products come with a high price tag for the planet. Many are mass produced using toxic dyes and harmful synthetic materials. The garments are designed to be worn a few times and then trashed.

According to Earth.org, more than 92 million tons of textiles end up in the landfill each year. The leading companies in the fast fashion industry prioritize profit over helping the environment or providing safe conditions for workers. Here are some tips from sustainability journalist Tamara Davison for making clothing choices that support a circular economy.

Shop sustainable clothing brands. From developing natural materials to supporting plastic offsetting initiatives, look for clothing brands like Patagonia and Pomp that prioritize environmental sustainability.

 

Buy secondhand. Thrifty shoppers know that resale shops can be the best place to score a fashion deal. Apps like Shopify, Vinted, Depop and eBay allow people to sell and buy secondhand clothes globally. This market is expected to grow three times faster than the regular retail market by 2026.

 

Don’t be fooled by greenwashing. Companies regularly promote false claims about their sustainability practices or campaigns. Known as greenwashing, this trend is on the rise. Watch out for unsupported marketing buzzwords such as “green” and “planet-friendly”; and check whether their claims are backed up by data.

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